A calibrated WWTP model, the result of an iterative procedure, can usually be obtained by only modifying few model parameters, using the default parameter sets as a starting point. based on understanding of the process and the model structure, is needed. In the model calibration a process engineering approach, i.e. The model purpose, defined at the beginning of the procedure, influences the model selection, the data collection and the model calibration. Important steps in the procedure are: model purpose definition, model selection, data collection, data reconciliation, calibration of the model parameters and model unfalsification. A step-wise procedure leads from the model purpose definition to a calibrated WWTP model. Some of the main model assumptions are highlighted, and their implications for practical model application are discussed. These models are mainly applicable to municipal wastewater systems, but can be adapted easily to specific situations such as the presence of industrial wastewater. This paper introduces the nowadays most frequently used white-box models for description of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal activated sludge processes. The introduction of the ASM model family by the IWA task group was of great importance, providing researchers and practitioners with a standardised set of basis models.
White-box modelling is widely applied in this field, with learning, design and process optimisation as the main applications. This review paper focuses on modelling of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP).
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